![]() Flag of the Maldive sovereigns until 1903 Utheem Thakurufans |
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Although not mentioned in the Tarikh, it is maintained by some sources including Buraara Koi, that Utheem kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan was the great-grandson of Kalu Hassan Kaleyge of Baararh in Thiladummathi Atoll. Buraara states that Kalu Hassan Kaleyge was of Hilaaly descent and that he was a contemporary of the Hilaaly Sultan Abubakur I. This meant that he was related to the ruling dynasty in Malé. Certainly, while the vast majority of the Malé population abandoned Ali VI, a non-Hilaaly, to the mercy of the forces of their Christian King who was a Hilaaly, they had no difficulty in accepting the leadership of a minor provincial official. The reason, according to these sources, was that he was no ordinary run-of-the mill kateeb. He was a member of the Hilaaly family that still commanded immense prestige all over the Maldives. There is ample evidence in the oral tradition as related by Buraara, that the prestige and power enjoyed by the Thakurufans of Utheem were far beyond those of mere provincial officials. The following are some of the evidence. The following are some of the poits taken from Buraara.
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Did
Mohamed Thakurufan |
Those who faught to succeed the Christian Hilaalys to the throne of the Maldives were indeed Hilaalys themselves and were regarded by many as the rightful heirs to the throne, when the line of Sultan Hassan IX (King Manoel) became Christians. According to the Tarikh, Mohamed Thakurufan ascended the throne soon after capturing Malé. Buraara is significantly more ambiguous on the subject. He concedes that the Thakurufan did not ascend the throne upon capturing Malé, but did so soon afterwards. Subsequently Buraara states that Mohamed Thakurufan assumed the title of Sultan one year and a month and twenty eight days before his death, The Tarikh records the Anno Hegirae equivalents of AD 1585 as the year of his death and AD 1573 as the year of his capture of Malé. The discrepancy is significant because, if he indeed ascended the throne, he relinquished the title of Sultan subsequently under pressure from the Christian Hilaalys in Goa. The more likely scenario is that under a pact between the Christian Hilaalys the Thakurufan and his two immediate successors never were installed sultans. The documents given under the seal of Mohamed Thakurufan refer to him as minister. As Buraara states so precisely, he may have reassumed the title of Sultan just over a year before his death, in violation of the pact with the Christian Hilaalys. |
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Kalaafaan |
Mohamed Thakurufan's son Ibrahim whose long reign ended when a marauding band of men sent by the Ali Raja of Cannanore sacked Malé. Mohamed Thakurufan captured Male with the aid of the Ali Raja of Cannanore with the promise of several islands there to the Ali Raja. Soon after the conquest Mohamed Thakurufan went back on the deal and that was why it became necessary to make a pact with the Christian Hilaalys recognising them as kings of the Maldives. Ali Raja invaded male in the "reign" of Ibrahim Kalaafan to have the deal honoured. Unlike his father, Ibrahim was not warlike and fled Malé, only to be captured and killed by Ali Raja’s men. Ibrahim continued to be called "kalaafan" or Lord. This indicates that he was never installed as sultan. Indeed Mohamed Thakurufan would not have been referred as Thakurufan if he were a sultan. Thakurufan was a appellation beneath the dignity of the nobility and royalty. He would have dropped that appellation upon assumption of the throne as did several other sultans. |
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Other
Utheems who
probably were not installed on the throne |
Kalu Kamana daughter of Hassan Thakurufan and niece of Mohamed Thakurufan may have succeeded Sultan Ibrahim. She was succeeded by Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege, son of a daughter of Eduru Thakurufan of Baararh who was a son of Kalu Hassan Kaleyge. Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege was Mohamed Thakurufan’s second cousin. Again, the continued use of the title of Kilege indicates that he too was not installed as sultan. Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege was succeeded by Kalu Thukkala, son of Aminah Maavaa Kilege, daughter of Maryam Kambaadi Kilege, daughter of Ali Thakurufan, kateeb of Maarandu and elder half brother of Mohamed Thakurufan. |
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Kalu
Thukkalaa |
Kalu Thukkalaa assumed the title of Sultan Shuja'i Mohamed Imaduddine I. By then the Christian Hilaalys in Goa were squabbling amongst themselves over the sucesssion. As a result, Kalu Thukkala may have found enough courage to assume the title of sultan. Sultan Shuja'i Mohamed Imaduddine I was suceeded by his son Iskander Ibrahim I. It was he who, in 1649, finally broke all constitutional links with the Chtistian Hilaalys in Goa. Iskander Ibrahim I was succeeded by his son Mohamed the Little, a mere child. His mother, the allegedly nymphomaniac Princess Maryam appointed herself as Princess Regent. According to the Tarikh, she encouraged open promiscuity and lewdness among Malé’s high society during her son’s reign. |
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The
nymphomaniac
princess regent |
Maldivian society had always been, and still is, fairly promiscuous beneath the veneer of Islamic piety. Mohamed the Little and the Princess Regent were involved in an explosion when their yacht’s magazine was hit by a spark of gunfire while they were out pleasure cruising off the island of Bandos. The Regent perished, and her son died shortly afterwards of injuries sustained during the explosion. |
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A wave of Islamic
fundamentalism |
Mohamed the Little was succeeded by Mohamed Manikfan son of Hassan Faarhanaa Kilegefan son of Sultan Mohamed Imaduddine I. He belonged to a sect preached by an Islamic cleric who visited Malé during the reign of Sultan Iskander Ibrahim I. This purist brand of Islam preached by the cleric became unbearable to the Malé citizenry and Sultan Iskander tactfully deported him. It was the fundamentalist sect of the preacher known as Abdul Cader Jeilani, a native of Jeilan in what is now Iraq. Women were required to cover up and men were required to shave their heads and moustaches and grow beards. Mohamed Manikfan assumed the title of Sultan Mohamed Mohyeddine the Just. Shortly after becoming sultan Mohyeddine sent word to his mentor, the Moslem cleric, inviting him back. Three days after the arrival of the cleric the Sultan died - so ended the Uteem Dynasty, very likely a branch of the Hilaaly Dynasty. The Maldives had not heard the last of the Hilaalys. Their dynasty was restored, many years later and survived until 1968. The cleric was then proclaimed sultan. His name was Sayyed Mohamed Shamsuddine son of Sayyed Abdul Razzak. He was a graduate of the Seminary of Al-Azhar in Cairo and a native of the city of Hama in Syria. |
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Fundamentalism becomes
victim of diarrhoea |
The
strict Islamic regime imposed by this cleric as sultan stifled all aspects
of life in the Maldives, particularly in Malé. Those who neglected
the five-times-a-day ritual prayers were executed by decapitation. To
everyone's relief he died of fever and diarrhoea within four months.
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Devvadoo king
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The
chief justice Mohamed son of Ali Tukkalaa of Devvadoo succeeded the cleric
sultan. When the Devvadoo sultan died, his pregnant wife Sanfah was poisoned
and killed by her uncle in order to seize the throne.
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The short-lived and
colurful Isdu Dynasty |
The uncle was Ali Velaanaa Thakurufan, son of Chief Admiral Ibrahim of Isdu. Isdu Ali reigned for nine months before he died. He was succeeded by his young son Hassan, who was soon manipulated into relinquishing the throne by his cousin Ibrahim Velaanaa Thakurufan son of Hassan Maafaiy Thakurufan son of Chief Admiral Ibrahim of Isdu. Isdu Ibrahim ascended the throne as Ibrahim Mudhiruddine. See Page |
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