Free Web Hosting Provider - Web Hosting - E-commerce - High Speed Internet - Free Web Page
Search the Web

Utheem Dynasty

Majid's Pages

New Zealand
The Government Online



Email (majid@xtra.co.nz)


Flag of the Maldive sovereigns until 1903

Utheem
Thakurufans
Addu Notables
Amnesty International News
Bodufenvalhugey Seedi
Criminals against Humanity
Feedback
Fuvah Mulaku Notables
Genealogy
Giraavaru People (Maldives)
Her Majesty the Queen
Kite-flying in the Maldives
Maandoogey Tuttu Manippulu
Maldive Antiquity
Maldives Flag
Map of the Country
Marriage Certificate (Maldives-style)
Mission Statement
Myth of Portuguese Rule (Maldives)
Naming a Maldive Child
National Anthem
"Nature versus Nurture" by
Dr Abdullah Waheed, MD.
Photo Albums
Poetry
Prime Minister's Pledge
Royalty of the Maldives
Torture
Treaty of Waitangi
United Suvadiva Republic (Addu)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Utheem Thakurufans (Maldives)
Visit New Zealand
Xavier Romero-Frías

Although not mentioned in the Tarikh, it is maintained by some sources including Buraara Koi, that Utheem kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan was the great-grandson of Kalu Hassan Kaleyge of Baararh in Thiladummathi Atoll.

Buraara states that Kalu Hassan Kaleyge was of Hilaaly descent and that he was a contemporary of the Hilaaly Sultan Abubakur I. This meant that he was related to the ruling dynasty in Malé.

Certainly, while the vast majority of the Malé population abandoned Ali VI, a non-Hilaaly, to the mercy of the forces of their Christian King who was a Hilaaly, they had no difficulty in accepting the leadership of a minor provincial official.

The reason, according to these sources, was that he was no ordinary run-of-the mill kateeb. He was a member of the Hilaaly family that still commanded immense prestige all over the Maldives. There is ample evidence in the oral tradition as related by Buraara, that the prestige and power enjoyed by the Thakurufans of Utheem were far beyond those of mere provincial officials. The following are some of the evidence. The following are some of the poits taken from Buraara.

  1. The Thakurufans of Uteem seem to take precedence of order over the Viyazor, Andiri Andirin’s atoluverin in Baararh, the administrative capital of the four atolls to the North of Malé. For example when the atoluverin visited their residence in Uteem, his hosts did not stand up to receive him and was always offered the bodu-arhi and his hosts sat on the kuda-arhi.

    On the other hand when the Uteem Thakurufans called at the residence of the atoluverin, he always stood up to receive them and offered them the kuda-arhi.


    (In the traditional Maldives domestic reception room, there were three platforms. Looking from the outside door, along the right wall was the bodu-arhi, about 50 centimetres high. Along part of the left wall was the kuda-arhi, also about 50 centimetres high. Both had built-in storage under them and were overlaid with fine mats and sqwabs. Across on the far wall was a lower platform called the tiri-arhi, also overlaid with mats. On top of the tiri-arhi was a couch called dimaa-endu overlaid with a thick mattress, sqwabs, pillows and printed linen sheets. Between the tiri-arhi and the kuda-arhi were a table and a chair. The place of most honour was the dimaa-endu, which was seldom used, followed by the kuda-arhi and then the bodu-arhi.)

  2. To the chagrin of officials in Malé, Andiri Andirin ordered the poll tax from the island of Utheem to be waived, as soon as he assumed the regency.

  3. The Viyazor atoluverin was under strict orders from Andiri Andirin to entertain all requests of the Thakurufan brothers. Soon after Mohamed Thakurufan married Sitti Maavaa Rani Kilegefan he and his brothers were banned from entering Malé, even though their other privileges were not curtailed.

    The Viyazor atoluverin was married to Kambaa Aysha Rani Kilegefan, widow of Ali VI, aunt of King Manoel, and daughter of Mohamed the Black and Burecca. Sitti Maavaa Rani Kilegefan was her daughter from Ali VI. The ban from Malé was unlikely to be related to the fact that Mohamed Thakurufan was married to a daughter of the vanquished sultan.

    Andiri Andirin did not regard as threats, Sultan Ali’s son and two daughters from a commoner, who continued to live in Malé. Sultan Ali was not a Hilaaly. Although the realm was governed in the name of Manoel, who was a Hilaaly, the Uteem Thakurufans who were also Hilaalys were regarded as contenders to the throne and a threat to the security of the realm.

    It was unlikely that simple kateebs of far-flung islands would have been regarded as threats to the security of the realm.

  4. While there were hardly any Moslems left in many of the neighbouring islands, no attempt was made to evangelise in Uteem. When the Uteem Thakurufans called on their father’s uncle, the Eduru Kaleygefan of Nolivaranfaru, the latter always told them to keep their voices down, as he and his wife were the only Moslems left on the island.

  5. Prior to the Utheem brothers taking up arms against the regime in Malé, Thuffarhanaa Thakuru, son of Andiri Andirin’s treasurer Midu Thakuru, petitioned for the heads of Mohamed Thakurufan and his brother Hassan. Andiri Andirin ignored the petition for over a year before granting it.

    Clearly those in power in Malé regarded the Uteem Thakurufans as a real threat.

  6. Long before his marriage to Sitti Maavaa Rani Kilegefan, Mohamed Thakurufan and many others believed that he had a right to the throne in Malé.

    His first marriage was to Rehendiya Goyye, daughter of Cat Fatima of Borhi Forest, a woman of immensely humble means from Baararh. On the night of the wedding, which took place in the woods of Baararh in secrecy, Rehendiya Goyye supposedly gave seven leaves of the betel vine to Mohamed Thakurufan, twelve leaves to the chief witness and thirteen leaves to the second witness.

    Mohamed Thakurufan commented to the witnesses that Rehendiya Goyye was making a statement with the numbers of leaves. Thirteen stood for thirteen thousand islands, the legendary number of islands in the Maldives. Twelve stood for twelve atolls and seven stood for the royal parasol – a symbol of the Maldive sovereigns in the same way as the crown is the symbol of the monarch in many other countries.

    The word for the royal parasol (haiy) is the same in Maldivian as that for the number seven.

Did Mohamed Thakurufan
and his immediate
sucessors become sultans?

Those who faught to succeed the Christian Hilaalys to the throne of the Maldives were indeed Hilaalys themselves and were regarded by many as the rightful heirs to the throne, when the line of Sultan Hassan IX (King Manoel) became Christians.

According to the Tarikh, Mohamed Thakurufan ascended the throne soon after capturing Malé.

Buraara is significantly more ambiguous on the subject. He concedes that the Thakurufan did not ascend the throne upon capturing Malé, but did so soon afterwards.

Subsequently Buraara states that Mohamed Thakurufan assumed the title of Sultan one year and a month and twenty eight days before his death, The Tarikh records the Anno Hegirae equivalents of AD 1585 as the year of his death and AD 1573 as the year of his capture of Malé.

The discrepancy is significant because, if he indeed ascended the throne, he relinquished the title of Sultan subsequently under pressure from the Christian Hilaalys in Goa. The more likely scenario is that under a pact between the Christian Hilaalys the Thakurufan and his two immediate successors never were installed sultans.

The documents given under the seal of Mohamed Thakurufan refer to him as minister. As Buraara states so precisely, he may have reassumed the title of Sultan just over a year before his death, in violation of the pact with the Christian Hilaalys.

Kalaafaan

Mohamed Thakurufan's son Ibrahim whose long reign ended when a marauding band of men sent by the Ali Raja of Cannanore sacked Malé. Mohamed Thakurufan captured Male with the aid of the Ali Raja of Cannanore with the promise of several islands there to the Ali Raja.

Soon after the conquest Mohamed Thakurufan went back on the deal and that was why it became necessary to make a pact with the Christian Hilaalys recognising them as kings of the Maldives. Ali Raja invaded male in the "reign" of Ibrahim Kalaafan to have the deal honoured. Unlike his father, Ibrahim was not warlike and fled Malé, only to be captured and killed by Ali Raja’s men.

Ibrahim continued to be called "kalaafan" or Lord. This indicates that he was never installed as sultan. Indeed Mohamed Thakurufan would not have been referred as Thakurufan if he were a sultan. Thakurufan was a appellation beneath the dignity of the nobility and royalty. He would have dropped that appellation upon assumption of the throne as did several other sultans.

Other Utheems who
probably were not
installed on the throne

Kalu Kamana daughter of Hassan Thakurufan and niece of Mohamed Thakurufan may have succeeded Sultan Ibrahim.

She was succeeded by Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege, son of a daughter of Eduru Thakurufan of Baararh who was a son of Kalu Hassan Kaleyge. Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege was Mohamed Thakurufan’s second cousin. Again, the continued use of the title of Kilege indicates that he too was not installed as sultan.

Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege was succeeded by Kalu Thukkala, son of Aminah Maavaa Kilege, daughter of Maryam Kambaadi Kilege, daughter of Ali Thakurufan, kateeb of Maarandu and elder half brother of Mohamed Thakurufan.

Kalu Thukkalaa
assumes the throne

Kalu Thukkalaa assumed the title of Sultan Shuja'i Mohamed Imaduddine I. By then the Christian Hilaalys in Goa were squabbling amongst themselves over the sucesssion. As a result, Kalu Thukkala may have found enough courage to assume the title of sultan.

Sultan Shuja'i Mohamed Imaduddine I was suceeded by his son Iskander Ibrahim I. It was he who, in 1649, finally broke all constitutional links with the Chtistian Hilaalys in Goa.

Iskander Ibrahim I was succeeded by his son Mohamed the Little, a mere child. His mother, the allegedly nymphomaniac Princess Maryam appointed herself as Princess Regent. According to the Tarikh, she encouraged open promiscuity and lewdness among Malé’s high society during her son’s reign.

The nymphomaniac
princess regent

Maldivian society had always been, and still is, fairly promiscuous beneath the veneer of Islamic piety. Mohamed the Little and the Princess Regent were involved in an explosion when their yacht’s magazine was hit by a spark of gunfire while they were out pleasure cruising off the island of Bandos.

The Regent perished, and her son died shortly afterwards of injuries sustained during the explosion.

A wave of Islamic
fundamentalism

Mohamed the Little was succeeded by Mohamed Manikfan son of Hassan Faarhanaa Kilegefan son of Sultan Mohamed Imaduddine I. He belonged to a sect preached by an Islamic cleric who visited Malé during the reign of Sultan Iskander Ibrahim I. This purist brand of Islam preached by the cleric became unbearable to the Malé citizenry and Sultan Iskander tactfully deported him.

It was the fundamentalist sect of the preacher known as Abdul Cader Jeilani, a native of Jeilan in what is now Iraq. Women were required to cover up and men were required to shave their heads and moustaches and grow beards.

Mohamed Manikfan assumed the title of Sultan Mohamed Mohyeddine the Just. Shortly after becoming sultan Mohyeddine sent word to his mentor, the Moslem cleric, inviting him back. Three days after the arrival of the cleric the Sultan died - so ended the Uteem Dynasty, very likely a branch of the Hilaaly Dynasty.

The Maldives had not heard the last of the Hilaalys. Their dynasty was restored, many years later and survived until 1968.

The cleric was then proclaimed sultan. His name was Sayyed Mohamed Shamsuddine son of Sayyed Abdul Razzak. He was a graduate of the Seminary of Al-Azhar in Cairo and a native of the city of Hama in Syria.

Fundamentalism becomes
victim of diarrhoea
The strict Islamic regime imposed by this cleric as sultan stifled all aspects of life in the Maldives, particularly in Malé. Those who neglected the five-times-a-day ritual prayers were executed by decapitation. To everyone's relief he died of fever and diarrhoea within four months.
Devvadoo king
The chief justice Mohamed son of Ali Tukkalaa of Devvadoo succeeded the cleric sultan. When the Devvadoo sultan died, his pregnant wife Sanfah was poisoned and killed by her uncle in order to seize the throne.
The short-lived and
colurful Isdu Dynasty

The uncle was Ali Velaanaa Thakurufan, son of Chief Admiral Ibrahim of Isdu. Isdu Ali reigned for nine months before he died. He was succeeded by his young son Hassan, who was soon manipulated into relinquishing the throne by his cousin Ibrahim Velaanaa Thakurufan son of Hassan Maafaiy Thakurufan son of Chief Admiral Ibrahim of Isdu. Isdu Ibrahim ascended the throne as Ibrahim Mudhiruddine. See Page

Back